Wnt/β-catenin signaling is activated in human proteinuric nephropathies. Human kidney specimens were immunostained with specific antibodies against Wnt1, synaptopodin, nephrin, and active β-catenin, respectively. (A) Representative micrographs of double staining for Wnt1 and synaptopodin in human kidney biopsy from patients with DN. Arrowheads indicate colocalization of Wnt1 and synaptopodin. Scale bar, 40 μm. (B) Representative micrographs demonstrate Wnt1 induction in the glomerular cells in human kidney biopsy from the patients with FSGS. Arrowheads within the boxed area indicate Wnt1-positive cells. Scale bar, 40 μm. (C) Representative micrographs show active β-catenin staining in the nuclei of glomerular cells in human kidney biopsy from patients with DN. Arrowheads (yellow) indicate active β-catenin-positive nuclei. Scale bar, 40 μm. (D) Representative micrographs show the nuclear staining of active β-catenin in podocytes in human kidney biopsy from the patients with DN. Arrowheads indicate the nephrin-positive podocytes with nuclear staining for active β-catenin. Scale bar, 40 μm. CTL, control.