Table 1.
Participant characteristicsa
| CKD Status (n = 2682) |
MA Status (n = 5818) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No CKD (n = 2501) |
CKD (n = 181) |
No MA (n = 5339) |
MA (n = 479) |
|
| Offspring and Omni Cohort | Offspring and Third-Generation Cohorts | |||
| Demographic and clinical characteristics | ||||
| Age (yr) | 60 (9) | 70 (8) | 46 (13) | 56 (15) |
| Women (%) | 55 | 62 | 54 | 55 |
| Hypertension (%) | 53 | 75 | 25 | 53 |
| Brachial systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 123 (17) | 130 (21) | 121 (15) | 127 (18) |
| Brachial diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 71 (11) | 69 (11) | 68 (10) | 70 (11) |
| Brachial pulse pressure (mmHg) | 52 (14) | 61 (19) | 53 (12) | 57 (15) |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 64 (11) | 64 (11) | 63 (10) | 65 (11) |
| Hypertension treatment (%) | 31 | 56 | 14 | 38 |
| Diabetes (%) | 10 | 17 | 4 | 16 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 94 (38) | 104 (33) | 97 (18) | 109 (37) |
| Total/HDL-cholesterol | 4.0 (1.3) | 4.3 (1.4) | 3.8 (1.4) | 4.0 (1.4) |
| Median triglycerides (mg/dl) | 112 | 129 | 98 | 112 |
| Lipid-lowering medication (%) | 18 | 33 | 5 | 4 |
| Hormone replacement therapy in women (%) | 17 | 17 | 14 | 19 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.8 (5.1) | 28.4 (4.7) | 27.1 (5.3) | 27.9 (6.1) |
| Current smoking (%) | 16 | 9 | 15 | 19 |
| Cardiovascular disease (%) | 9 | 25 | 3 | 13 |
| Omni cohort (%) | 13 | 4 | — | — |
| Kidney disease measures | ||||
| eGFRcrea (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 88 (17) | 51 (8) | 95 (19) | 89 (23) |
| eGFRcys (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 80 (15) | 55 (15) | — | — |
| Median UACR (mg/g) | 6 (3 to 14) | 10 (4 to 30) | 4 (3 to 8) | 35 (26 to 57) |
| Cystatin C (mg/L) | 0.93 (0.15) | 1.31 (0.34) | — | — |
| Arterial stiffness measures | ||||
| Carotid-femoral PWV (m/s) | 9.8 (3.3) | 12.6 (4.6) | 7.8 (2.5) | 9.9 (4.0) |
| Forward pressure wave amplitude (mmHg) | 41 (12) | 46 (16) | 42 (11) | 45 (14) |
| Central pulse pressure (mmHg) | 50 (16) | 59 (21) | 50 (13) | 55 (17) |
| Augmentation pressure (mmHg) | 8.6 (7.5) | 11.2 (10.8) | 6.3 (6.6) | 8.4 (8.1) |
| Augmentation index (%) | 15.3 (12.7) | 16.4 (12.8) | 9.2 (14.1) | 12.7 (14.4) |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 92 (12) | 92 (13) | 90 (11) | 93 (13) |
aData presented as mean (or, median) and standard deviation (or, 25th to 75th percentile range) for continuous variables and percentage for dichotomous variables. MA, microalbuminuria; eGFRcrea, estimated GFR by creatinine-based Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation; eGFRcys, estimated GFR by cystatin-C–based equation; UACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; PWV, pulse wave velocity.