Table 3. Hazard ratio for prostate cancer by amount and duration of use of alpha-blockers and by prostate cancer stage and grade, Finnish Prostate Cancer Screening Trial.
| Overall | Gleason⩽6 | Gleason 7–10 | Organ-confined tumoursa | Advanced tumoursb | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quantity/duration of medication use | No. of cases | HR (95% CI)c | No. of cases | HR (95% CI) | No. of cases | HR (95% CI) | No. of cases | HR (95% CI) | No. of cases | HR (95% CI) |
| Alpha-blockers | ||||||||||
| Non-users | 1399 | Reference | 1041 | Reference | 330 | Reference | 1262 | Reference | 137 | Reference |
| All users | 195 | 1.05 (0.85–1.31) | 153 | 1.20 (0.94–1.52) | 34 | 0.55 (0.31–0.96) | 183 | 1.09 (0.87–1.36) | 12 | 0.70 (0.28–1.73) |
| Cumulative quantity of alpha-blockers use (daily doses) d | ||||||||||
| 10–60 | 77 | 1.25 (0.83–1.87) | 62 | 1.65 (1.09–2.49) | 12 | 0.21 (0.03–1.52) | 70 | 1.27 (0.83–1.93) | 7 | 1.17 (0.29–4.72) |
| 61–180 | 46 | 1.00 (0.64–1.56) | 35 | 0.84 (0.48–1.49) | 8 | 0.95 (0.39–2.30) | 44 | 0.99 (0.62–1.58) | 2 | 1.14 (0.28–4.64) |
| 181–629 | 39 | 1.11 (0.75–1.64) | 30 | 1.21 (0.77–1.88) | 8 | 0.64 (0.24–1.72) | 37 | 1.16 (0.78–1.73) | 2 | 0.54 (0.08–3.86) |
| ⩾630 | 33 | 0.89 (0.59–1.36) | 26 | 1.12 (0.72–1.75) | 6 | 0.40 (0.13–1.25) | 32 | 0.96 (0.64–1.46) | 1 | — |
| P trend e | 0.975 | 0.345 | 0.053 | 0.700 | 0.230 | |||||
| Years of alpha-blockers use d | ||||||||||
| 1 | 111 | 1.00 (0.73–1.38) | 86 | 1.08 (0.75–1.55) | 19 | 0.60 (0.27–1.35) | 102 | 1.00 (0.72–1.39) | 9 | 1.10 (0.41–2.99) |
| 2 | 43 | 1.46 (1.00–2.15) | 36 | 1.67 (1.09–2.56) | 5 | 0.60 (0.19–1.89) | 42 | 1.53 (1.03–2.26) | 2 | 0.70 (0.10–5.01) |
| 3–4 | 23 | 0.87 (0.55–1.37) | 15 | 1.04 (0.63–1.70) | 8 | 0.48 (0.15–1.52) | 21 | 0.93 (0.59–1.47) | 1 | — |
| >4 | 18 | 0.88 (0.42–1.86) | 16 | 1.15 (0.51–2.60) | 2 | 0.38 (0.05–2.73) | 18 | 0.96 (0.45–2.03) | 0 | — |
| P trend | 0.858 | 0.186 | 0.044 | 0.580 | 0.208 | |||||
a
Men with T1N0/XM0/X and T2N0/XM0/X tumours combined.
b
Men with stage T3N0/XM0/X, T4N0/XM0/X, T1–4N1M0 or T1–4N0–1M1 tumours combined.
c
From Cox proportional hazard regression adjusted for age, family history of prostate cancer, use of alpha-blockers, number of PSA screens and time period of screening (before or after year 2000).
d
Stratification in quartiles of cumulative quantity/duration of alpha-blocker use.
e
Estimated by including cumulative dose (DDDs) or duration (years) of medication use into Cox regression model as a continuous covariate. All statistical trends are inverse, i.e., indicating a decreased risk with larger amount of medication use.