Table 3.
Comparison between maternal and embryonic hemodynamic parameters obtained by Doppler ultrasonography of mice at E15.5, after exposure at E6.75 to Li, HCy or NaCl (control)
| Maternal variables | HCy (n=59) | NaCl (n=42) | Li (n=68) | Pvalue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heart rate (beats/minute) | 458 | 421 | 491 ↑ | <0.0001* |
| Uterine artery PI | 2.82 | 2.77 | 2.12 ↓ | 0.0001* |
| Embryonic variables | ||||
| Heart rate (beats/minute) | 181 | 169 | 195 ↑ | 0.0004* |
| Umbilical artery PI | 1.55 | 1.68 | 1.76 | NS |
| Ductus venosus PI | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.97 | NS |
| Descending aorta PI | 1.99 | 1.94 | 2.11 | NS |
| ICT (%) | 6.56 | 7.27 | 7.54 | NS |
| IRT (%) | 11.93 | 12.30 | 16.82 ↑ | 0.0025* |
| ET (%) | 42.51 | 41.71 | 41.26 | NS |
| MPI | 0.44 | 0.48 | 0.60 ↑ | 0.0049* |
| E velocity (cm/second) | 12.25 | 11.32 | 11.46 | NS |
| A velocity (cm/second) | 40.14 | 37.27 | 41.36 ↑ | 0.0214* |
| E/A ratio | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.27 ↓ | 0.0065* |
| OF peak velocity (cm/second) | 39.92 | 36.56 | 41.05 ↑ | 0.0476* |
All data represent median values.
*
Parameters showing significant values for Li when compared with the control group, as based on the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test.
PI, pulsatility index; ICT, proportion of isovolemic contraction time in the cardiac cycle; IRT, proportion of isovolemic relaxation time in the cardiac cycle; ET, proportion of the ejection time in the cardiac cycle; MPI, myocardial performance index; E, inflow velocity during early ventricular filling; A, inflow velocity during atrial contraction; OF, ventricular outflow tract.