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. 2009 Sep;134(3):165–175. doi: 10.1085/jgp.200910267

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© 2009 Miyagishima et al.

This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.jgp.org/misc/terms.shtml). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/).

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Figure 7. — A model describing the role of NADPH in the clearance of all-trans retinal in salamander rods. (A) Fluorescence measurements of all-trans retinol production as described in Tsina et al. (2004) (unpublished data). The top row shows a bright field and diagrammatic image of a salamander rod, as well as the localization of fluorescence before pigment bleaching. After a 99% bleach of the visual pigment, all-trans retinol fluorescence was measured at the noted intervals. At early times after pigment bleaching, retinol fluorescence increased at the base of the outer segment and gradually increases at the tip with time. (B) The wavelike evolution of all-trans retinol fluorescence can be explained if NADPH or a precursor is produced mainly in the ellipsoid region of the inner segment where mitochondria are located. NADPH then diffuses into the outer segment through the rod’s thin ciliary neck, where it is gradually consumed as it progresses to the tip. On the bottom, a gradient of NADPH is generated at steady state.