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. 2009 Sep;134(3):231–241. doi: 10.1085/jgp.200910272

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© 2009 Beyl et al.

This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.jgp.org/misc/terms.shtml). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/).

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Figure 1. — Schematic representation of Ca_V1.2 state transitions during activation. Activation gating assumed to be determined by two functionally separate processes: a voltage-sensing mechanism (++) and the conducting pore. Each functional unit can dwell in two states: the voltage sensor in the resting (down) and activated (up) states, and the pore in the open or closed states. The entire molecule therefore dwells in 2 × 2 = 4 states: R, pore is closed and voltage-sensing mechanism locks the pore; A, voltage-sensing mechanism is activated and releases the pore, which, however, remains closed; O, the pore is open; D, the deactivated voltage-sensing mechanism is in the down position while the pore is still open. The activation pathway is marked by red and the deactivation pathway by blue arrows. Rate constants of the pore opening and closure (α, β, γ, and δ) are assumed to be independent of the voltage. Rate constants of voltage-sensing mechanism (x, y, u, and w) are voltage dependent.