. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2009 Jun;9(6):785–793. doi: 10.1586/era.09.43

Table 1.

Characteristics of renal cell carcinoma subtypes.

Type/histology	Frequency (%)^*	Gene^‡	Tumor multiplicity	Age of onset
Clear cell	75	VHL	Multiple, bilateral	Adolescence
Papillary type 1	5	MET proto-oncogene	Multiple, bilateral	40-49 years
HLRCC/papillary type 2	10	FH	Single or multiple	10-20 years
Chromophobe/oncocytoma	5-10	BHD/Folliculin	Multiple, bilateral	30-39 years

Indicates portion of total annual renal cell carcinoma cases.

^‡

Indicates the genetic defect associated with the hereditary form of renal cell carcinoma, and by implication and direct evidence, in the corresponding sporadic form.

HLRCC: Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer.