Table 1.
Expression profile of some TNF superfamily members
| ligand– receptor pair |
Ligand expressed by | Conditions of ligand expression |
Receptor expressed by |
Conditions of receptor expression |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CD70–CD27 | APCs (DCs and B cells) | Inducible (triggered by TLR4, TLR9, CD40, Ig or BCR, and IFNγ) |
CD4+ and CD8+ T cells | Constitutive |
| CD4+ and CD8+ T cells | Inducible (triggered by TCR plus CD28 cross-linking, IL-1, IL-2, TNF and IL-12) |
B cells (subset) | Inducible | |
| Mast cells | Inducible (?) | NK cells (subset) | Constitutive | |
| NK cells | Inducible (?) | FOXP3+ TReg cells | Constitutive (mice) or inducible (humans; triggered by TCR cross-linking) |
|
| Smooth muscle cells | Inducible (?) | NKT cells | Constitutive | |
| Thymic epithelial cells | Constitutive | Haematopoietic progenitors |
Constitutive | |
| TL1A–DR3 | APCs (DCs, B cells and macrophages) |
Inducible (triggered by TLR4 and FcγR cross-linking) |
CD4+ T cells | Constitutive or inducible (triggered by TCR plus CD28 cross-linking) |
| CD4+ and CD8+ T cells | Inducible (triggered by TCR cross-linking, IL-12 and IL-18) |
CD8+ T cells | Inducible (triggered by TCR plus CD28 cross-linking) |
|
| Endothelial cells | Inducible (triggered by TNF and IL-1) |
NK cells | Inducible (triggered by IL-12 plus IL-18) | |
| NKT cells | Constitutive | |||
| FOXP3+ TReg cells | Constitutive (mice) or inducible (humans; triggered by TCR cross-linking) |
|||
| LTi cells | Constitutive | |||
| OX40L–OX40 | APCs (DCs, B cells and macrophages) |
Inducible (triggered by TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, CD40, Ig or BCR, TSLP and IL-18) |
CD4+ and CD8+ T cells | Inducible (triggered by TCR plus CD28 cross-linking, IL-1, IL-2 and TNF) |
| CD4+ and CD8+ T cells | Inducible (triggered by TCR cross-linking and IL-12) |
NK cells | Inducible (?) | |
| LTi cells | Inducible (triggered by DR3) | NKT cells | Inducible (triggered by TCR cross-linking) |
|
| NK cells | Inducible (triggered by NKG2D and CD16) |
FOXP3+ TReg cells | Constitutive (mice) or inducible (humans; triggered by TCR cross-linking) |
|
| Mast cells | Inducible (triggered by GM-CSF and FcεRI cross-linking) |
Neutrophils | Inducible (?) | |
| Endothelial cells | Inducible (?) | |||
| Smooth muscle cells | Inducible (?) | |||
| 4-1BBL–4-1BB | APCs (DCs, B cells and macrophages) |
Inducible (triggered by TLR4, TLR9, CD40 and Ig or BCR) |
CD4+ and CD8+ T cells | Inducible (triggered by TCR plus CD28 cross-linking and IL-2) |
| CD4+ and CD8+ T cells | Inducible (triggered by TCR cross-linking) |
NK cells | Inducible (?) | |
| Mast cells | Inducible (triggered by FcεRI cross-linking) |
NKT cells | Inducible (triggered by TCR cross-linking) |
|
| NK cells | Inducible (?) | Mast cells | Inducible (triggered by FcεRI cross-linking) |
|
| Smooth muscle cells | Inducible (?) | Neutrophils | Inducible (?) | |
| Haematopoietic progenitors |
Constitutive | FOXP3+ TReg cells | Constitutive (mouse) or inducible (human; triggered by TCR cross-linking) |
APC, antigen-presenting cell; BCR, B-cell receptor; DC, dendritic cell; DR3, death receptor 3; FcγR, receptor for IgG; FcεRI, high-affinity Fc receptor for IgE; FOXP3, forkhead box P3; GM-CSF, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IL, interleukin; IFNγ, interferon-γ; Ig, membrane-bound immunoglobulin; LTi, lymphoid-tissue inducer; NK, natural killer; NKG2D, NK group 2, member D; TCR, T-cell receptor; TLR, Toll-like receptor; TNF, tumour necrosis factor; TSLP, thymic stromal lymphopoietin.