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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Apr 15.
Published in final edited form as: Neuroimage. 2008 Dec 29;45(3):940–949. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.12.025

Table 4.

Comparison results of fMRI signal change differences (pre-treatment pain > post-treatment pain) between HE side and Control side across the verum (Acu) and sham (Pla) treatment groups.

Comparisons Area (Brodmann Area) Z score Number of voxels in cluster Peak coordinate (x,y,z)
Effect of treatment (HE side) Left insula/putemen/claustrum/superior temporal gyrus (38) 3.59 518 −36 −8 −12
Left medial frontal gyrus (6) 3.4 105 −80 58
Left supramarginal gyrus (40) 3.31 26 −64 −50 26
Right medial frontal gyrus (6) 3.25 51 10 0 70
Left dACC (24) 3.19 33 −8 −2 36
Acu > Pla ROI Right putamen/claustrum/insula/superior temporal gyrus (38) 3.14 160 28 6 −16
Right inferior parietal lobule (40) 3.01 63 52 −36 28
Right inferior frontal gyrus/insula (47) 3.55 116 48 36 −2
Right middle/superior frontal gyrus (6/8) 3.52 130 18 18 58
Left inferior frontal gyrus (47) 3.11 25 −50 28 −12
Left medial frontal gyrus/rACC (10/32) 2.85 20 −12 60 8
Others No regions above threshold
Pla > Acu No regions above threshold
Effect of treatment (Control side) Left claustrum/insula 3.56 27 −28 −16 16
Left superior temporal gyrus/insula (38) 3.04 51 −48 8 −16
Acu > Pla ROI Left superior temporal gyrus/putamen/claustrum/insula (38) 3.00 75 −46−10−10
Left inferior frontal gyrus (47) 3.26 28 −42 32 0
Left inferior frontal gyrus/insula (47) 2.98 32 −44 16 8
Left middle frontal gyrus (46) 2.98 33 −24 36 26
others No regions above threshold
Pla > Acu No regions above threshold
Effect of Expect. in VH group HE > Con ROI Left M1 (4) 2.88 79 −26 −22 70
others No regions above threshold
Con > HE ROI Right middle frontal gyrus (10) 3.06 53 36 52 6
others No regions above threshold
Effect of Expect. in PH group HE > Con ROI Left operculum 2.97 21 −58 −6 8
Others No regions above threshold
Right inferior frontal gyrus (47)/insula 3.29 63 32 18 −16
Right inferior frontal gyrus (47)/insula 3.78 64 50 34 −12
Con > HE ROI Right superior frontal gyrus (8) 3.55 124 34 32 54
Right inferior frontal gyrus (44) 3.31 38 34 6 32
Right superior frontal gyrus (10) 3.16 75 24 62 22
Right medial frontal gyrus (10) 3.08 14 62 14
Others No regions above threshold
Interaction between treatment mode and expectancy level ROI Right superior frontal gyrus (8) 3.56 82 16 34 54
Right inferior frontal gyrus (47) 2.89 31 26 10 −16
Others No region above threshold

Note: VH indicates verum acupuncture with high expectancy, PH indicates sham acupuncture with high expectancy, HE side indicates meridian side where subjects were manipulated to expect good analgesia effect, Control side (Con) indicates non-meridian side where subjects were told acupuncture can not produce any effect. ROIs include the brain regions within the mask of HIGH pain > LOW pain and additional a priori regions in the DLPFC and OPFC and rACC/MPFC. Italics indicate regions within the HIGH pain minus LOW pain mask. The threshold is set to voxel-wise p<0.005 with 20 continuous voxels for predefined ROIs. The threshold for other regions (Others), were set to voxel-wise p<0.001 uncorrected with 20 contiguous voxels and cluster p<0.05 corrected for other regions. Peak coordinates refer to the MNI atlas.