Table 1.
Clinical and Biological Characteristics of Narcoleptics with Long Sleep Time (Total Sleep Time During 24-h Monitoring > 11 h) Compared with Patients with Narcolepsy without Long Sleep Time, Idiopathic Hypersomnia with Long Sleep Time, and Controls
| Patients | Narcolepsy with long sleep time | Narcolepsy without long sleep time | Idiopathic hypersomnia with long sleep time | Controls |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 23 | 29 | 25 | 20 |
| Age, y | 25.7 ± 10.6 | 30.8 ± 10.1 | 29.6 ± 12.5 | 29.4 ± 8.7 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.3 ± 6.0 | 24.5 ± 6.2 | 23.2 ± 3.6 | 23.9 ± 4.8 |
| Women, % | 61 | 56 | 72 | 65 |
| Hypnagogic hallucinations, % | 44 | 68 | 32 | 10* |
| Sleep paralysis, % | 37 | 47 | 37 | 0* |
| Non refreshing naps, % | 80 | 33* | 59 | 0* |
| Sleep drunkenness, % | 54 | 42 | 72 | 0* |
| Clear-cut cataplexy, % | 29 | 44 | 0* | 0* |
| HLA DQB1*0602 positive, % | 53 | 54 | 30 | 10* |
| Core narcolepsy, % † | 13 | 24 | NA | NA |
| Epworth Sleepiness score (0-24) | 14.8 ± 3.4 | 17.1 ± 3.4* | 15.1 ± 4.5 | 5.8 ± 2.0* |
| Fatigue Severity Score (0-70) | 50.3 ± 10.6 | 55.1 ± 6.3 | 51.1 ± 10.7 | 31.6 ± 9.2* |
| Pichot Fatigue Score (0-32) | 27.9 ± 7.8 | 27.2 ± 7.2 | 24.9 ± 9.0 | 11.0 ± 3.5* |
| HAD anxiety (0-21) | 10.5 ± 5.7 | 11.9 ± 4.0 | 9.5 ± 4.5 | 5.6 ± 3.3 |
| HAD depression (0-21) | 6.5 ± 3.1 | 5.3 ± 2.8 | 6.4 ± 5.0 | 3.9 ± 2.8* |
| Horne-Ostberg score | 50.6 ± 10.1 | 46.1 ± 14.7 | 39.3 ± 13.4* | 54.8 ± 7.6 |
†
Core narcolepsy: simultaneous presence of clear-cut cataplexy and HLA DQB1*0602 positivity, which yields 88% to 93% sensitivity for hypocretin deficiency.
*
P < 0.05 for a difference between narcolepsy with long sleep time, HLA: human leukocyte antigen; HAD: score at the hospital anxiety and depression scale