Mean ± standard error of the mean values (n= 3) for angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced O2− production in preglomerular vascular smooth muscle cells (PGVSMCs) from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Panel A: dose-dependent O2− generation; PGVSMCs were treated with vehicle or graded concentrations (10−10 to 10−6 mol·L−1) of Ang II for 4 h before assessing O2− from lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. The values were expressed as percentage change from control. Panel B: effect of 10−6 mol·L−1 Ang II over 12 h of incubation. Panel C: effects of nitroxide 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6,-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (tempol) or diphenyliodonium (DPI) on O2− generation. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.005 vs. control group.