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The missing-cone artifact. (a) Projection directions. (b) Illustration of the missing cone. In reciprocal space, every 2D projection of a 3D object corresponds to a central section in the 3D Fourier transform of the object. Each central section is orthogonal to the direction of the projection. A conical tilt series allows sampling of the 3D Fourier transform of the object in all directions, except in a cone along the z axis, hence the term missing-cone artifact.
