Table 3. Risk factors associated with clustering of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases, New York City, 1995–1997 (n=234).
| Characteristic | Clustered (n=153) No. (%) | Nonclustered (n-81) No. (%) | Crude OR | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median age in yr (range) | 41 (5–85) | 42 (22–77) | 0.99 | 0.98, 1.02 | |
| Male sex | 93 (60.8) | 49 (60.5) | 1.01 | 0.58, 1.76 | |
| U.S.-born | 120 (79.0) | 42 (51.9) | 3.48 | 1.94, 6.25 | |
| Median years of residence in United Statesb | 12 (0–47) | 6.5 (0–24) | 1.09 | 1.02, 1.16 | |
| HIV serostatus | |||||
| Positive | 96 (62.8) | 29 (35.8) | 2.81 | 1.52, 5.22 | |
| Negative | 40 (26.1) | 34 (42.0) | 1.00 | ||
| Unknown | 17 (11.1) | 18 (22.2) | 0.80 | 0.36, 1.80 | |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Asian | 6 (3.9) | 16 (19.8) | 0.18 | 0.06, 0.53 | |
| Hispanic | 49 (32.0) | 24 (29.6) | 1.00 | ||
| Black non-Hispanic | 72 (47.1) | 31 (38.3) | 1.14 | 0.60, 2.17 | |
| White non-Hispanic | 26 (17.0) | 10 (12.4) | 1.27 | 0.53, 3.06 | |
| Health-care worker | 12 (7.8) | 2 (2.5) | 3.36 | 0.73, 15.40 | |
| Homeless | 22 (14.4) | 5 (6.2) | 2.55 | 0.92, 7.02 | |
| Injection drug usec | 24 (15.7) | 8 (9.9) | 1.70 | 0.73, 3.97 | |
| Prior treatment history | 10 (6.5) | 12 (14.8) | 0.40 | 0.17, 0.98 | |
| Having epidemiologic linkd | |||||
| Nosocomial | 7 (4.6) | 0 (0) | 2.97 | 1.02, 9.26 | |
| Community | 18 (11.8) | 5 (11.1) | |||
| No link | 128 (83.7) | 76 (88.9) | 1.00 | ||
| Year of diagnosis | |||||
| 1995 | 69 (45.1) | 32 (39.5) | 1.00 | ||
| 1996 | 54 (35.3) | 27 (33.3) | 0.93 | 0.47, 1.81 | |
| 1997 | 30 (19.6) | 22 (27.2) | 0.63 | 0.30, 1.34 | |
aOR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. bExcludes non-U.S.-born patients. cInjection drug use within 12 months before diagnosis. dCompared epidemiologic link with no epidemiologic link