FIG. 8.

Effect of pretreatment with PI3K (wortmannin), Akt (Akt inhibitor VIII), mTOR (rapamycin), or GSK-3α/β (GSK-3α/β inhibitor IX) inhibitor on Stx1-induced soluble TNF-α and IL-1β production. Differentiated THP-1 cells were treated with the inhibitors for 1 h, and Stx1 was added for 24 h. Cell supernatants were collected. Soluble TNF-α and IL-1β were quantified using ELISA kits. All values are expressed in pg/ml ± SEM. Asterisks (*) represent significant differences (P < 0.05) between results with Stx1 treatment versus those with Stx1-plus-inhibitor treatment.