TCD8+ responses after a single injection of peptide/αGalCer. Groups of three C57BL/6 mice were injected i.p. with 100 μg peptide (in panel A, same as used in ICS; in panel B, B8R) with 1 μg αGalCer in 100 μl of phosphate-buffered saline/0.5% Tween 20 buffer, or with 1 × 106 PFU VACV (A, black bar) or 100 μl buffer (B, white bar). A group of naïve controls were included in panel A (Nil). Peptide-specific TCD8+ in spleens were measured using ICS for IFN-γ at 7 days (A) and the indicated time points (B). (A) Data are percentages of TCD8+ that produce IFN-γ in ex vivo stimulations with relevant peptides after subtraction of background (determined using mock stimulation in ICS). (B) Data are raw values of percent TCD8+ that produce IFN-γ in ex vivo stimulations with B8R; means and standard errors of the means (SEM) are plotted.