Table 3.
Low | Medium | High | p Value† | Pearson's r‡ | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dissimilarity segregation category | |||||
All markets (n=105) | |||||
Dissimilarity across hospitals | 0.65 | 0.79 | 0.73 | .002 | r=0.16; p=.10 |
(0.60–0.71; p<.001) | (0.74–0.84; p<.001) | (0.68–0.78; p<.001) | |||
Dissimilarity by residence | 0.67 | 0.73 | 0.78 | .03 | r=0.26, p<.008 |
(0.62–0.73; p<.001) | (0.67–0.78; p<.001) | (0.72–0.83; p<.001) | |||
Hospital Dissimilarity by region | |||||
Midwest (n=19 markets) | 0.90 | 0.93 | 0.75 | .25 | r=0.36; p=.13 |
(0.63–1.18; p=.25) | (0.70–1.15; p=.27) | (0.65–0.85; p<.001) | |||
Northeast (n=16 markets) | 0.72 | 0.71 | 0.76 | .83 | r=0.11; p=.70 |
(0.49–0.95; p=.009) | (0.58–0.84; p<.001) | (0.64–0.89; p<.001) | |||
South (n=63 markets) | 0.63 | 0.78 | 0.71 | .001 | r=0.26; p=.04 |
(0.59–0.68; p<.001) | (0.72–0.84; p<.001) | (0.61–0.80; p<.001) | |||
West (n=8 markets) | — | 0.89 | 0.67 | .17 | r=0.20; p=.64 |
(0.62–1.17; p=.23) | (0.45–0.88; p=.001) | ||||
Isolation segregation category | |||||
All markets (n=105) | |||||
Isolation across hospitals | 0.78 | 0.71 | 0.69 | .06 | r=0.14; p=.15 |
(0.72–0.83; p<.001) | (0.65–0.76; p<.001) | (0.64–0.74; p<.001) | |||
Isolation by residence | 0.71 | 0.76 | 0.71 | .33 | r=0.01, p=.98 |
(0.65–0.76; p<.001) | (0.70–0.81; p<.001) | (0.65–0.76; p<.001) | |||
Hospital Isolation by region | |||||
Midwest (n=18 markets) | 0.94 | 0.77 | 0.73 | .13 | r=0.38; p=.11 |
(0.77–1.11; p=.24) | (0.61–0.92; p=.002) | (0.59–0.86; p<.001) | |||
Northeast (n=16 markets) | 0.77 | 0.57 | 0.77 | .09 | r=0.10; p=.72 |
(0.68–0.87; p=.05) | (0.41–0.74; p=.05) | (0.63–0.91; p=.04) | |||
South (n=63 markets) | 0.76 | 0.68 | 0.66 | .10 | r=0.21; p=.10 |
(0.69–0.83; p<.001) | (0.62–0.74; p<.001) | (0.60–0.72; p<.001) | |||
West (n=8 markets) | 0.62 | 0.91 | 0.71 | .27 | r=0.10; p=.82 |
(0.33–0.91; p=.005) | (0.62–1.20; p=.28) | (0.36–1.07; p=.06) |
Hazard of revascularization in black patients relative to white patients was estimated separately for 105 HRR markets, using Cox regression models to adjust for sociodemographic factors (age, gender, zip code–level median income), comorbidities (diabetes, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive lung disease, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, valvular disease, metastatic cancer, arrhythmia, neurological disease, renal failure, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, and weight loss), AMI location (anterior/lateral, inferior/posterior, subendocardial, and other site), the use of mechanical ventilation on day of admission, and distance to nearest hospital performing revascularization.
p value for comparing market characteristics across segregation categories was determined using F-test with ANOVA procedure.
p value for Pearson's r.
AMI, acute myocardial infarction; HRR, hospital referral regions.