LβT2 cells were transfected with a bicistronic reporter gene encoding firefly luciferase and β-galactosidase translated by cap-dependent and -independent mechanisms, respectively for 24 h. Cells were then serum starved for 4 h and pretreated with either vehicle or 50 µM PD098059 (PD) to block MAPK activation for 30 min. Cells were further treated for 6 h with vehicle, 10 nM GnRH (GnRH), 10 nM insulin (Ins), GnRH + Insulin, 1n M PMA, or 1nM PMA + insulin. Cells were then harvested and assayed for reporter gene activity. The histogram shows the ratio of luciferase to β-galactosidase activity. (#) indicates significant differences (p<0.05) between pairs connected by solid lines. (*) indicates significant increase above the control vehicle treated group as determined by ANOVA and post-hoc evaluation using either Students T test or Dunnett’s comparison to control test as appropriate.