Table 5.
Multivariate analysis considering the influence of age (>70 vs. ≤70 years) and comorbidities (1. any comorbidity, 2. specific comorbidities) on individual symptoms
| question | risk factor | hazard ratio | 95% confidence interval | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| leaking urine ≥once a day | comorbidity | 2.2 | 1.2-3.8 | < 0.01 |
| coronary heart disease | 1.7 | 1.0-2.9 | 0.06 | |
| diabetes | 1.9 | 1.0-3.7 | 0.06 | |
| no complete urinary control | age | 1.9 | 1.3-2.7 | < 0.01 |
| great/moderate problem with frequent urination | comorbidity | 2.0 | 1.2-3.3 | < 0.01 |
| diabetes | 3.3 | 1.9-5.9 | < 0.01 | |
| great/moderate problem with urinary function overall | comorbidity | 2.2 | 1.2-3.9 | < 0.01 |
| diabetes | 2.5 | 1.3-4.8 | < 0.01 | |
| erections not firm enough for intercourse | age | 2.8 | 1.7-4.7 | < 0.01 |
| comorbidity | 1.7 | 1.0-2.9 | 0.04 | |
| diabetes | 7.0 | 2.3-21 | < 0.01 | |
| great/moderate problem with sexual function overall | age | 1.8 | 1.1-3.7 | 0.04 |
| comorbidity | 1.9 | 1.1-3.5 | 0.03 | |
| diabetes | 2.9 | 1.3-6.2 | < 0.01 | |
| hot flashes ≥once a day | comorbidity | 3.5 | 1.0-12 | 0.05 |
| COPD | 5.6 | 1.9-16 | < 0.01 | |
| lack of energy ≥once a day | age | 0.4 | 0.2-1.0 | < 0.05 |
| comorbidity | 4.2 | 1.4-12 | 0.01 | |
| great/moderate problem with hot flashes | COPD | 4.5 | 1.5-13 | < 0.01 |
| great/moderate problem with lack of energy | comorbidity | 2.7 | 1.1-6.4 | 0.03 |
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease