Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Phon. 2009 Jul;37(3):297–320. doi: 10.1016/j.wocn.2009.03.007

Table 1.

Duration ratios for vowels preceding short versus long consonants, for long versus short consonants, and for consonants to vowels when the consonant is short or long.

Language Vowel Short:Long Consonant Long:Short Consonant:Vowel
Short Long
Japanese 0.66–0.69 2.15–2.68 0.93–1.62 1.61–2.41
Norwegian 1.70–2.11 1.10–1.38 0.42–1.28 1.16–2.79
Italian 1.33–1.47 1.65–2.35 0.50–0.77 1.19–1.87
English* 1.32–136 1.21–1.31 0.46–0.66 0.83–1.04
*

For English, the values are for voiced and voiceless stops, rather than short and long consonants, respectively. Japanese: Kawahara (2005, 2006b); Norwegian: Fintoft (1961); Italian: Argiolas, Macri, & Di Benedetto (1995), Giovanardi & Di Benedetto (1998), Esposito & Di Benedetto (1999), Mattei & Di Benedetto (2000), Faluschi & Di Benedetto (2001); and English: Raphael (1981).