Table I.

Cytokine Release by Murine Macrophage Stimulated with E. coli or S. flexneri 2a LPS or synthetic lipid A species^a

	Treatment
Cytokine	Media	Hexaacylated Lipid A	Pentaacylated Lipid A	E. coli LPS	S. flexneri 2a LPS
IL-1β	≤7.8b	66 ± 27	43 ± 9	27 ± 1	45 ± 28
TNF-α	≤23.8	20,747 ± 5,586	17,855 ± 389	15,405 ± 1,945	19,022 ± 2,298
IFN-γ	≤9.4	41 ± 12	30 ± 0	38 ± 13	55 ± 25
RANTES	473.8 ± 5	44,309 ± 5,615	39,529.4 ± 562	42,000 ± 5,095	42,369 ± 2,745

^aMurine peritoneal macrophages were plated at a density of 1 × 106 cells/ml and were allowed to adhere overnight. They were treated for 24 hrs with media, 100 ng/ml of LPS, or 1 μg/ml of lipid A and supernatants harvested for cytokine production detected by ELISA as described in Materials and Methods.

^bpg/ml