Table 3.

The relationship of high and low hemoglobin and global and specific cognitive functions stratified by gender

Cognitive outcome	Parameter estimate
	women (n = 595) (hemoglobin × hemoglobin)	men (n = 198) (hemoglobin × hemoglobin)
Global cognition	−0.028 (0.009, 0.001)	0.008 (0.014, 0.560)
Semantic memory	−0.038 (0.011, 0.001)	0.008 (0.015, 0.598)
Episodic memory	−0.028 (0.012, 0.019)	0.006 (0.018, 0.732)
Working memory	−0.020 (0.013, 0.122)	0.025 (0.020, 0.221)
Perceptual speed	−0.044 (0.014, 0.002)	−0.005 (0.020, 0.812)
Visuospatial ability	−0.005 (0.014, 0.703)	0.013 (0.019, 0.500)

In parentheses, standard errors and p values are indicated. From a linear regression model including terms for age, education level, body mass index, body mass index squared, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular volume squared, glomerular filtration rate, hemoglobin and hemoglobin squared. ‘Hemoglobin’ represents an increment of 1 g/dl.