Fig. 3.

Representative RT-PCR data of 9 muscle genes (the ubiquitin ligases MuRF1 and MAFbx, the transcription factors FOXO-1 and FOXO-3, the growth factors IGF-1 and myostatin, and a binding protein IGF-BP5) analyzed using primers designed by similarity to existing mammalian sequences. Forward and reverse primers were obtained utilizing regions of complete identity in available GenBank sequences and used to amplify cDNA from plantaris muscles. The top band in each lane is amplified from ribosomal 18s primers in a multiplex reaction with primers for the gene of interest, producing the lower band. Data were run in duplicate or triplicate from individual plantaris muscles. HIF-1α, hypoxia inducible factor-1α.