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. 2009 Jul 16;297(3):G442–G450. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00182.2009

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

Toll-like receptor (TLR) mRNA expression levels from the ilea of rat pups with or without exposure to hypoxia and/or formula. RNA was isolated from the ileum of newborn rats subjected to different feeding and/or hypoxia treatment for 72 h. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis was performed to determine the expression of TLRs in dam-fed-hypoxic, formula-fed, or formula-fed-hypoxic group compared with dam-fed control. Data are represented as means ± SE from 3 independent experiments. The cutoff values of fold change compared with the dam-fed control group: > +2 indicating upregulation, < −2 downregulation. Compared with dam-fed controls: *P < 0.01, **P < 0.001. Compared with formula-fed control group: #P < 0.01, ##P < 0.001. Compared with dam-fed controls, all TLR mRNA in the NEC group increased, with the exception of TLR5, which decreased. TLR1, TLR2, and TLR4 increased in NEC ileum compared with formula-fed rat ileum.