Figure 1.

Schematic diagram for NR actions on stem cells. (A) NRs regulating pluripotency of ES cells. GCNF and RARs are involved in inducing ES cell differentiations. DAX-1, ERRβ, and LRH-1 maintain stemness of ES cells by inducing Oct3/4 expression. (B) NRs involved in lineage-specification of adult stem cells. Subsets of NRs are involved in guiding MSC differentiation into diverse physiological lineage of cell types. HSC, hematopoietic stem cell; MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; NSC, neural stem cell; RA, retinoic acid. ^*indicates NR repressing MSC differentiation into chondrocytes.