PspC-hpIgR-mediated adherence and invasion of MDCK-hpIgR and Calu-3 cells by wild-type pneumococci and its isogenic pspC-mutant. A, adherence of pneumococci was determined by counting the cfu (colony forming unit) per well obtained from sample aliquots plated onto blood agar plates after 1 h of infection. *, p < 0.02 relative to infections carried out with the wild-type strain. B and C, invasion and intracellular survival of pneumococci were determined by the antibiotic protection assay. *, p < 0.02 relative to infections carried out with the wild-type strain or relative to MDCK-hpIgR. D, the invasion and intracellular survival of pneumococci in host cells were determined in the presence of antibodies recognizing the secretory component of hpIgR (α-SC, 8 μg/well), pre-immune serum, or absence of antibody using the antibiotic protection assay. Invasion of S. pneumoniae in the absence of α-SC was set to 100%. *, p < 0.001 relative to infections carried out in absence of antibodies.