. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Sep 9.

Published in final edited form as: Psychosom Med. 2009 May 29;71(6):652–658. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181a651b3

TABLE 2.

Effects of Time and Hostility on Global Cognition as Estimated From Mixed Models

Model Term	Model 1 Estimate (SE) p	Model 2 Estimate (SE) p	Model 3^a Estimate (SE) p	Model 4^b Estimate (SE) p
Time (yr)^c	−0.050 (0.005) <.001	−0.048 (0.005) <.001	−0.048 (0.005) <.001	−0.048 (0.005) <.001
Hostility	−0.029 (0.004) <.001	−0.028 (0.004) <.001	−0.028 (0.004) <.001	−0.025 (0.004) <.001
Hostility × time		−0.001 (0.001) .30	−0.001 (0.001) .29	−0.001 (0.001) .29

All models are adjusted for time, age, age × time, gender, gender × time, education, education × time, education-squared, race, race × time, age × gender, age × education, and education × race.

Model 3 includes terms to adjust for the effects of CES-D and chronic health conditions.

Model 4 adjusts for neuroticism.

Age and education were centered at 75 and 12 yr, respectively. The effect of time, therefore, represents the rate of change in global cognition (in standard units) over a 1-yr period for a 75-yr-old White woman with 12 yr of education.