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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Sep 9.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2006 Apr;14(4):307–315. doi: 10.1097/01.JGP.0000196637.95869.d9

TABLE 2.

Summary Measures of Adverse Childhood Experience

Characteristic Emotional Neglect Parental Intimidation Parental Violence Family Turmoil Financial Need Composite Adversity
Number of items 6 4 2 2 2 6
Range 0−18 0−12 0−7 0−6 0−6 0−31
Mean (SD) 3.9 (4.2) 2.5 (2.3) 0.7 (1.0) 1.0 (1.3) 0.9 (1.5) 9.0 (6.8)
Skewness 1.1 1.4 2.2 1.7 1.5 1.1
Coefficient alpha 0.89 0.74 0.84
Correlations*
    Age −0.10 −0.08 −0.07 −0.13 0.01 −0.12
    Education −0.19 0.00 −0.20 −0.04 −0.04 −0.16
Sex differences
    t 0.10 −0.68 −2.05 −2.00 −2.27 −1.51
    df 251 140 90.8 251 251 147
    p
0.920 0.496 0.043 0.047 0.024 0.133
*

p <0.05 for correlations with an absolute value of .13 or more based on t-tests with 251 degrees of freedom.

SD: standard deviation.

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