Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of subjects
| Variables | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lone AF Patients | All patients, n = 69 |
ACE I/D genotype |
P value | ||
| DD, n = 17 | ID, n = 38 | II, n = 14 | |||
| Age at AF onset, years | 38±14 | 43±13 | 37±14 | 35±13 | 0.12 |
| Duration after AF diagnosis, years | 4±8 | 4±7 | 3±6 | 8±11 | 0.06 |
| AF burden score15 | 12±6 | 11±5 | 12±6 | 11±6 | 0.18 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 33 (72%) | 6 (55%) | 21 (78%) | 6 (75%) | 0.34 |
| Left atrial size, mm | 36±6 | 38±7 | 35±5 | 37±6 | 0.37 |
| Ejection fraction, % | 59±6 | 62±5 | 58±6 | 58±6 | 0.11 |
| Heart disease patients without AF | All patients, n = 151 |
ACE I/D genotype |
P value | ||
| DD, n = 54 | ID, n = 77 | II, n = 20 | |||
| Age, years | 55±16 | 55±16 | 54±16 | 57±14 | 0.69 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 63 (42%) | 25 (46%) | 32 (42%) | 6 (30%) | 0.45 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 92 (61%) | 37 (70%) | 42 (55%) | 13 (65%) | 0.2 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 31 (21%) | 14 (26%) | 13 (17%) | 4 (20%) | 0.42 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 52 (34%) | 16 (30%) | 30 (39%) | 6 (30%) | 0.49 |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 39 (26%) | 14 (26%) | 17 (22%) | 8 (40%) | 0.26 |
| Ejection fraction, % | 44±17 | 42±19 | 44±17 | 44±15 | 0.82 |
| Controls without AF or heart disease | All subjects, n = 118 |
ACE I/D genotype |
P value | ||
| DD, n = 41 | ID, n = 53 | II, n = 24 | |||
| Age, years | 27±6 | 27±6 | 27±6 | 28±5 | 0.82 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 46 (39) | 16 (39) | 21 (40) | 9 (38) | 0.98 |
AF denotes atrial fibrillation; I/D, insertion/deletion polymorphism.