Table 2.

Electrocardiographic parameters across ACE I/D genotypes

Variables
Patients with lone AF	All patients	ACE I/D genotype			P value
		DD	ID	II
Heart rate, beats/min	65±12	64±15	66±11	65±12	0.83
P-wave duration, ms	109±17	110±16	111±18	101±16	0.17
PR Interval, ms	166±26	177±27	166±26	150±22	0.02
Heart block, n (%)	8 (11)	6 (33)	2 (5)	0 (0)	0.002
QRS Interval, ms	89±9	92±9	89±9	89±9	0.51
QRS axis, degree	37±35	38±38	37±35	41±34	0.88
QT interval, ms	402+36	400+37	400+36	410+34	0.67
QTc	408±24	408±28	411±22	398±25	0.20
Heart disease patients without AF	All patients	ACE I/D genotype			P value
		DD	ID	II
Heart rate, beats/min	78±20	79±19	77±20	78±25	0.79
P-wave duration, ms	157±29	162±29	155±30	149±23	0.15
PR Interval, ms	166±30	169±32	163±28	167±33	0.52
Heart block, n (%)	12 (8)	7 (13)	5 (7)	0 (0)	0.15
QRS Interval, ms	97±23	98±27	95±22	98±20	0.69
QRS axis, degree	27±51	32±61	26±45	20±42	0.72
QT interval, ms	387+55	386+59	385+53	394+54	0.57
QTc	430±35	435±42	425±30	436±34	0.31
Controls without AF and heart disease	All patients	ACE I/D genotype			P value
		DD	ID	II
Heart rate, beats/min	66±11	64±11	67±10	67±11	0.42
P-wave duration, ms	103±12	102±13	103±13	104±10	0.99
PR Interval, ms	152±23	152±23	154±24	148±19	0.56
Heart block, n (%)	4 (3)	2 (5)	2 (4)	0 (0)	0.57
QRS Interval, ms	87±10	87±8	87±9	89±13	0.91
QRS axis, degree	72±20	75±15	70±22	71±19	0.32
QT interval, ms	393+34	389+33	396+34	392+34	0.68
QTc	407±19	407±18	405±18	417±19	0.63

AF denotes atrial fibrillation; I/D, insertion/deletion polymorphism; QTc, corrected QT interval.