. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Sep 9.

Published in final edited form as: Diabetes. 2007 Mar 9;56(6):1615–1622. doi: 10.2337/db06-1566

TABLE 2.

Endothelial function parameters, insulin and glucose concentrations, and kinetics at baseline and during insulin infusion

	CTRL group		EX group		P
	Basal	Insulin	Basal	Insulin	Group	Time	Interaction
Endothelial function
Endothelin-1 (pg/ml)	3.53 ± 0.72	2.46 ± 0.39	1.85 ± 0.08	1.60 ± 0.10	<0.01	0.02	0.14
Blood flow (ml · min⁻¹ · 100 ml leg⁻¹)	2.6 ± 0.2	2.7 ± 0.2	3.8 ± 0.7	5.3 ± 0.8	0.02	<0.01	<0.01
Insulin
Systemic concentration (μU/ml)	8.5 ± 1.0	24.0 ± 2.4	6.3 ± 0.8	15.0 ± 1.2	<0.01	<0.0001	0.06
Femoral vein concentration (μU/ml)	8.5 ± 1.0	83.4 ± 5.2	6.3 ± 0.8	46.7 ± 5.1	<0.001	<0.0001	0.001
Delivery to the leg (μU · min⁻¹ · 100 ml leg⁻¹)	22 ± 3	218 ± 11	23 ± 4	255 ± 57	0.48	<0.0001	0.45
Glucose
Femoral artery concentration (mmol/l)	4.7 ± 0.2	4.5 ± 0.2	4.9 ± 0.1	5.0 ± 0.2	0.19	0.44	0.36
Infusion rate (μmol · kg⁻¹ · min⁻¹)*	—	10.4 ± 0.8	—	13.6 ± 0.9	0.02	—	—
Leg uptake (μmol · min⁻¹ · 100 ml leg⁻¹)*	—	1.8 ± 0.4	—	3.6 ± 0.6	0.03	—	—

Data are means ± SE. Statistical analysis performed using ANOVA with repeated measures for all parameters except those marked with *, which were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Boldface data indicate statistical significance.