Table 2.
Baseline hemodynamic parameters in age-matched control, diabetic (DM), and insulin-treated diabetic (DMI) rats measured by Millar pressure-volume conductance catheter system.
| Control (n = 24) | DM (n = 28) | DMI (n = 21) | |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 392 ± 7 | 328 ± 8*(P < 0.01) | 352 ± 8†(P < 0.05) |
| End-systolic volume (μL) | 194 ± 16 | 183 ± 16 | 185 ± 14 |
| End-diastolic volume (μL) | 292 ± 19 | 256 ± 14 | 254 ± 15 |
| Maximum pressure (mmHg) | 110 ± 3.8 | 114 ± 3.8 | 127 ± 5.1†(P < 0.05) |
| Minimum pressure (mmHg) | 2.49 ± 0.62 | 1.87 ± 0.26 | 3.22 ± 0.36†(P < 0.01) |
| End-systolic pressure (mmHg) | 101 ± 3.9 | 109 ± 4.2 | 122 ± 5.4 |
| End-diastolic pressure (mmHg) | 5.66 ± 0.56 | 5 ± 0.32 | 6.81 ± 0.5†(P < 0.01) |
| Stroke volume (μL) | 136 ± 12.5 | 118 ± 7.1 | 139 ± 7.8 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 43.7 ± 3.14 | 44.5 ± 2.87 | 48.4 ± 2.38 |
| Cardiac output (μL/min) | 53,414 ± 5,133 | 38,810 ± 2,712*(P < 0.05) | 48,765 ± 2,942†(P < 0.05) |
| Stroke work (mmHg*μL) | 11,088 ± 1,837 | 9,073 ± 785 | 11,025 ± 824 |
| Arterial elastance (mmHg/μL) | 0.93 ± 0.12 | 1.03 ± 0.08 | 0.95 ± 0.07 |
| End-systolic elastance (mmHg/μL) | 0.94 ± 0.09 | 0.67 ± 0.07*(P < 0.05) | 0.63 ± 0.05 |
| dPdt max (mmHg/sec) | 7,534 ± 460 | 7,773 ± 389 | 8,899 ± 388 |
| dPdt min (mmHg/sec) | -8,192 ± 600 | -7,144 ± 376 | -7,960 ± 413 |
| P@dPdt max (mmHg) | 74 ± 3.7 | 75 ± 2.3 | 82 ± 2.7†(P < 0.05) |
| Tau_w (msec) | 10.33 ± 0.35 | 12.13 ± 0.33*(P < 0.01) | 11.344 ± 0.28 |
| Tau_g (msec) | 11.9 ± 0.36 | 14.76 ± 0.55*(P < 0.01) | 14.68 ± 0.7 |
Data are expressed as means ± SEM (*, vs. control; †, vs. DM). DM, STZ-diabetes; DMI, insulin-treated diabetes.