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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 May 15.
Published in final edited form as: Transplantation. 2009 May 15;87(9 Suppl):S77–S79. doi: 10.1097/TP.0b013e3181a2b90f

Figure 1. Model for enhancement of alloresponses by bacteria.

Figure 1

Bacterial translocation may occur following transplantation of organs colonized by commensal bacteria or in patients experiencing active infections. Bacterial molecular patterns may activate donor and recipient antigen-presenting cells (APCs) resulting in APC maturation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Alloreactive T cells stimulated in this context may develop augmented responses leading to prevention of, or breach in, transplantation tolerance.