Table 2.

Cumulative Risk of Age, Sex, Socioeconomic Status Adjusted Disability Onset Over 6 Years of Follow-Up Among 15,333 Aged 51 Years or Older from the 1998 HRS

Race	ADL Item Disability Percentage (95% CI)
	Walking	Dressing	Bathing	Transferring	Feeding Self	Toileting
Hispanic-Spanish (n=575)	4.31 (2.81–5.81)	7.26 (4.67–9.85)	5.49 (2.89–8.08)	6.27 (3.76–8.78)	6.19 (2.40–9.99)	3.50 (1.77–5.22)
Hispanic-English (n=517)	8.57 (4.94–12.21)	7.11 (4.83–9.40)	5.10 (3.00–7.20)	4.49 (2.35–6.62)	1.35 (0.34–2.36)	2.30 (0.97–3.63)
African American (n=1950)	7.54 (6.04–9.03)	6.00 (4.70–7.31)	6.51 (5.37–7.65)	4.10 (3.02–5.17)	3.02 (2.02–4.02)	2.83 (2.10–3.57)
White (n=12,288)	7.20 (6.66–7.73)	5.36 (4.96–5.75)	5.53 (5.05–6.01)	3.88 (3.43–4.34)	2.38 (2.10–2.66)	1.97 (1.67–2.26)

NOTE. Standardization adjusts for demographic factors (sex, age, living arrangement), health factors (chronic physical health conditions: arthritis, cancer, diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, pulmonary disease, stroke, vision; chronic mental health conditions: high depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment; physical function: lower-extremity limitations, upper-extremity limitations), health behaviors (smoking, alcohol use, exercise, obesity, underweight), and economic factors (education, income, wealth, health insurance).