Table 4.

Relationship between lifestyle and phenotypic characters (body size and bone microanatomical characters) assessed through phylogenetically independent contrasts analysis [Felsenstein independent contrasts (FIC)] and T-tests

Method	Lifestyle (binary coding) vs.:	LN(PLg)	LN(10*MD)	Cg3	P	Prad	S0.1
FIC	R2	0.2248	0.0542	0.0503	0.0653	0.0345	0.0025
	P-value	0.0008 (ii)	0.1193 (xi)	0.1338 (xii)	0.0866 (x)	0.2164 (xiv)	0.7435
T-test	P-value	0.0120 (viii)	0.1846 (xiii)	0.0131 (ix)	0.0092 (vii)	0.0035 (v)	0.3051 (xv)
Equality of variance (for T-test)		No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No

For the FIC analyses, proportion of explained variance and associated probabilities are shown. Only characters whose contrasts were adequately standardized are included. T-tests were conducted in Microsoft Excel, using formulae for samples of equal or unequal variances, depending on the character. For each character, equality of variances was tested through an F-test. Abbreviations as in Table 1.