Table A2.

Direction cosines (f_x, f_y, f_z) of unit muscle-force vectors for the prime mover muscles during abduction and flexion¹

		A. deltoid		M. deltoid		P. deltoid		S. pec major		M pec major		I. pec major		S. lat dorsi		M. lat dorsi		I. lat dorsi
	JA	A	F	A	F	A	F	A	F	A	F	A	F	A	F	A	F	A	F
fx	0	–0.461	–0.461	–0.574	–0.574	–0.797	–0.797	–0.200	–0.200	–0.355	–0.355	–0.347	–0.347	–0.990	–0.990	–0.716	–0.716	–0.554	–0.554
	30	–0.790	–0.455	–0.690	–0.591	–0.939	–0.931	–0.454	–0.446	–0.498	–0.501	–0.328	–0.350	–0.980	–0.995	–0.708	–0.780	–0.533	–0.624
	60	–0.851	–0.534	–0.848	–0.553	–0.943	–0.962	–0.628	–0.639	–0.560	–0.612	–0.401	–0.435	–0.992	–0.998	–0.793	–0.853	–0.645	–0.732
	90	–0.848	–0.604	–0.947	–0.544	–0.942	–0.946	–0.719	–0.776	–0.612	–0.666	–0.468	–0.497	–0.989	–0.999	–0.874	–0.898	–0.766	–0.806
	120	–0.946	–0.738	–0.991	–0.518	–0.990	–0.928	–0.756	–0.839	–0.581	–0.658	–0.500	–0.509	–0.945	–0.990	–0.912	–0.902	–0.833	–0.822
fy	0	–0.003	–0.003	–0.530	–0.530	–0.052	–0.052	0.385	0.385	0.827	0.827	0.913	0.913	–0.016	–0.016	0.045	0.045	0.067	0.067
	30	0.095	–0.243	–0.566	–0.751	–0.108	–0.058	0.355	0.226	0.793	0.756	0.908	0.896	–0.045	–0.070	0.040	0.061	0.062	0.087
	60	0.132	–0.434	–0.386	–0.807	–0.112	–0.094	0.404	0.219	0.793	0.749	0.871	0.830	0.004	–0.063	0.049	0.032	0.072	0.065
	90	0.152	–0.546	–0.279	–0.825	–0.102	–0.146	0.484	0.318	0.782	0.742	0.816	0.769	0.132	–0.034	0.033	–0.004	0.041	0.019
	120	0.159	–0.619	–0.106	–0.841	–0.116	–0.242	0.588	0.463	0.810	0.750	0.770	0.749	0.307	0.136	–0.004	–0.017	0.008	–0.005
fz	0	0.888	0.888	0.625	0.625	0.602	0.602	0.901	0.901	0.435	0.435	–0.217	–0.217	–0.141	–0.141	–0.697	–0.697	–0.830	–0.830
	30	0.606	0.857	0.451	0.293	0.327	0.359	0.817	0.866	0.350	0.422	–0.261	–0.275	–0.194	–0.077	–0.705	–0.623	–0.844	–0.777
	60	0.508	0.726	0.363	0.209	0.313	0.255	0.665	0.737	0.242	0.254	–0.284	–0.348	–0.130	–0.017	–0.607	–0.521	–0.761	–0.678
	90	0.508	0.581	0.161	0.151	0.319	0.288	0.500	0.544	0.115	0.074	–0.339	–0.401	–0.069	0.023	–0.485	–0.440	–0.641	–0.592
	120	0.282	0.269	0.078	0.158	0.079	0.283	0.288	0.287	–0.076	–0.068	–0.396	–0.425	–0.112	–0.048	–0.409	–0.432	–0.553	–0.569

JA, joint angle (degrees); A, abduction; F, flexion.

¹Corrections added after publication 28 May 2009. The sign convention of f_x in Table A2 was changed so that the negative direction represents the medial (compressive) direction. Directional cosines at 0 degrees of abduction and flexion were adjusted to represent unit vector values, consistent with all other joint angles.