. 2009 Oct;99(10):1818–1825. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.154815

TABLE 2.

Associations Between Socioeconomic Position, Wage Arrears, Compulsory Leave, Payment in Goods, and Job Insecurity and Unemployment in People of Working Age: Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, 1994–2003

Socioeconomic Variables	Wage Arrears,^a OR (95% CI)	Compulsory Leave,^a OR (95% CI)	Paid in Goods,^a OR (95% CI)	Very Concerned About Chance of Job Loss,^a OR (95% CI)	Unemployment at Second (Subsequent) Round,^a OR (95% CI)
Occupational class^b
Higher professional or managerial (Ref)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Technician or associate professional	0.91 (0.78, 1.05)	1.05 (0.78, 1.39)	1.00 (0.73, 1.39)	1.26 (1.08, 1.47)	1.27 (0.80, 2.04)
Clerical or service	0.47 (0.39, 0.55)	0.76 (0.55, 1.05)	1.36 (0.99, 1.87)	1.38 (1.18, 1.61)	2.15 (1.39, 3.32)
Skilled agricultural, crafts, or trades	1.10 (0.94, 1.28)	2.05 (1.57, 2.69)	1.73 (1.28, 2.34)	1.25 (1.06, 1.46)	2.04 (1.31, 3.16)
Semi- and unskilled manual labor	1.19 (1.03, 1.38)	1.24 (0.94, 1.64)	2.64 (2.00, 3.49)	1.53 (1.32, 1.77)	1.77 (1.16, 2.71)
Education^c
Higher (Ref)	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Complete secondary	0.97 (0.87, 1.09)	1.12 (0.92, 1.36)	1.02 (0.84, 1.24)	0.97 (0.87, 1.08)	1.56 (1.19, 2.03)
Primary or incomplete secondary	0.94 (0.80, 1.10)	0.97 (0.73, 1.29)	1.51 (1.19, 1.93)	1.14 (0.97, 1.33)	1.20 (0.80, 1.82)

Note. CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio.

Adjusted for age and gender.

Adjusted for education.

Adjusted for occupation.