TABLE 3.
Cox Proportional Hazards Ratios (HRs) for Associations Between Labor Market Conditions and Mortality in Employed People of Working Age: Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, 1994–2003
| Death During Study |
Death Within 1 Year of Study Entry |
|||||||
| Labor Market Condition | Model 1, HR (95% CI) | Model 2, HR (95% CI) | Model 3, HR (95% CI) | Model 4, HR (95% CI) | Model 1, HR (95% CI) | Model 2, HR (95% CI) | Model 3, HR (95% CI) | Model 4, HR (95% CI) |
| Men | ||||||||
| Wage arrears: yes | 0.91 (0.71, 1.17) | 0.88 (0.68, 1.13) | 0.89 (0.69, 1.15) | 0.89 (0.69, 1.16) | 1.11 (0.51, 2.43) | 1.09 (0.50, 2.39) | 1.11 (0.50, 2.43) | 1.14 (0.51, 2.54) |
| Compulsory leave: yes | 1.13 (0.76, 1.69) | 1.07 (0.71, 1.60) | 1.07 (0.71, 1.62) | 1.07 (0.71, 1.61) | 1.44 (0.43, 4.84) | 1.11 (0.33, 3.78) | 1.16 (0.34, 3.96) | 1.18 (0.35, 4.06) |
| Paid in goods: yes | 1.46 (1.03, 2.07) | 1.37 (0.96, 1.97) | 1.30 (0.91, 1.88) | 1.25 (0.86, 1.81) | 3.85 (1.60, 9.29) | 4.09 (1.66, 10.10) | 3.91 (1.58, 9.68) | 3.48 (1.32, 9.18) |
| Job insecuritya | 1.08 (0.83, 1.40) | 1.00 (0.77, 1.31) | 0.98 (0.75, 1.28) | 0.99 (0.75, 1.29) | 0.92 (0.40, 2.12) | 0.84 (0.36, 1.95) | 0.85 (0.37, 1.98) | 0.87 (0.37, 2.05) |
| Women | ||||||||
| Wage arrears: yes | 0.81 (0.40, 1.64) | 0.86 (0.42, 1.76) | 0.79 (0.39, 1.63) | 0.84 (0.41, 1.74) | 3.65 (0.33, 40.26) | 4.13 (0.36, 47.31) | 7.50 (0.47, 119.31) | 11.65 (0.58, 236.11) |
| Compulsory leave: yes | 3.79 (1.82, 7.88) | 4.31 (2.05, 9.06) | 4.35 (2.04, 9.29) | 4.79 (2.22, 10.31) | 3.88 (0.35, 42.89) | 5.12 (0.43, 60.41) | 6.52 (0.47, 91.10) | 8.39 (0.55, 128.54) |
| Paid in goods: yes | 0.72 (0.17, 3.01) | 0.54 (0.13, 2.31) | 0.56 (0.13, 2.42) | 0.60 (0.14, 2.58) | … | … | … | … |
| Job insecuritya | 1.31 (0.66, 2.58) | 1.20 (0.60, 2.37) | 1.14 (0.57, 2.27) | 1.15 (0.58, 2.30) | 0.63 (0.06, 6.91) | 0.50 (0.04, 5.59) | 0.50 (0.04, 6.09) | 0.61 (0.05, 7.91) |
Notes. CI = confidence interval. For men, working age was 18–59 years; for women, working age was 18 to 54 years. Model 1 was adjusted for age. Model 2 was adjusted for age, education, and occupation. Model 3 was adjusted for age, education, occupation, alcohol, and smoking. Model 4 was adjusted for age, education, occupation, alcohol, smoking, and material goods. All models are adjusted for age at entry, district in Russia, and cluster by household.
a
Very concerned versus moderately concerned or unconcerned about job loss.