TABLE 4.

Cox Proportional Hazards Ratios (HRs) for Associations Between Mortality and Unemployment in All People of Working Age: Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, 1994–2003

	Death During the Study				Death Within 1 Year of Study Entry
Labor Market Condition	Model 1, HR (95% CI)	Model 2, HR (95% CI)	Model 3, HR (95% CI)	Model 4, HR (95% CI)	Model 1, HR (95% CI)	Model 2, HR (95% CI)	Model 3, HR (95% CI)	Model 4, HR (95% CI)
Self-reported unemployment
Male: unemployed vs employed	1.88 (1.38. 2.55)	1.67 (1.23, 2.28)	1.46 (1.06, 2.02)	1.39 (1.00, 1.93)	2.49 (1.05, 5.90)	2.13 (0.89, 5.11)	1.67 (0.66, 4.24)	1.53 (0.60, 3.92)
Female: unemployed vs employed	1.40 (0.54, 3.63)	1.02 (0.36, 2.93)	0.67 (0.23, 1.98)	0.67 (0.23, 2.00)	4.54 (0.41, 50.29)	…	…	…

Notes. CI = confidence interval. For men, working age was 18–59 years; for women, working age was 18 to 54 years. Model 1 was adjusted for age. Model 2 was adjusted for age, education, and occupation. Model 3 was adjusted for age, education, occupation, alcohol, and smoking. Model 4 was adjusted for age, education, occupation, alcohol, smoking, and material goods. All models are adjusted for age at entry, district in Russia, and cluster by household.