Table 2. Case-series analysis for thiazolidinediones: association between exposure to any thiazolidinedione and fractures.

Fracture Site	Exposure	Patient Years	n Fractures	Age-Adjusted Rate Ratio for Fracture (95% CI
Fracture at any site
All patients (n = 1,819)	Unexposed periods	17,221	1,546	Baseline
	Exposed periods (all)	4,240	720	1.43 (1.25–1.62)
Thiazolidinedione exposure perioda	0–1 y (n = 1,819)	1,600	235	1.26 (1.07–1.47)
	1–2 y (n = 1,325)	1,087	179	1.49 (1.24–1.79)
	2–3 y (n = 874)	714	127	1.70 (1.37–2.12)
	3–4 y (n = 564)	446	104	2.31 (1.80–2.97)
	4–7 y (n = 342)	392	75	2.00 (1.48–2.70)
Females (n = 990)	Unexposed periods	9,103	824	Baseline
	Exposed periods	2,357	446	1.42 (1.20–1.69)
Males (n = 829)	Unexposed periods	8,118	722	Baseline
	Exposed periods	1,883	274	1.44 (1.18–1.77)
Foot, arm, wrist, or hand fracture
All patients (n = 905)	Unexposed periods	8,599	735	Baseline
	Exposed periods	2,102	284	1.28 (1.05–1.56)
Females (n = 519)	Unexposed periods	4,837	411	Baseline
	Exposed periods	1,227	183	1.26 (0.98–1.62)
Males (n = 386)	Unexposed periods	3,762	324	Baseline
	Exposed periods	876	101	1.28 (0.93–1.77)
Hip fracture
All patients (n = 150)	Unexposed periods	1,317	71	Baseline
	Exposed periods	394	87	2.09 (1.29–3.40)
Females (n = 105)	Unexposed periods	862	45	Baseline
	Exposed periods	280	66	2.09 (1.17–3.72)
Males (n = 45)	Unexposed periods	456	26	Baseline
	Exposed periods	113	21	1.90 (0.74–4.91)
Spine fracture
All patients (n = 66)	Unexposed periods	624	41	Baseline
	Exposed periods	155	29	2.72 (1.29–5.73)
Females (n = 34)	Unexposed periods	311	21	Baseline
	Exposed periods	82	15	2.34 (0.77–7.13)
Males (n = 32)	Unexposed periods	313	20	Baseline
	Exposed periods	73	14	3.53 (1.18–10.58)

^aTest for trend (p<0.01).