Table 1.
Characteristics of study subjects (microarray analysis)
| Lean controls | Obese | Obese T2DM | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. of subjects in group | 5 | 4 | 9 |
| Gender (males/females) | 0/5 | 1/3 | 3/6 |
| Age (yr) | 36.2 ± 11.5 | 39.0 ± 10.9 | 46.1 ± 12.4 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.7 ± 7.5 | 51.5 ± 4.4b | 52.4 ± 6.7c |
| HbA1c | 5.2 ± 0.3 | 5.2 ± 0.1 | 7.9 ± 2.1b,d |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/liter) | 4.7 ± 0.8 | 4.8 ± 0.5 | 9.3 ± 3.5b,d |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/liter) | 43.8 ± 38.8 | 152.1 ± 144.4a | 307.6 ± 272.9a |
| HOMA-IR | 1.5 ± 1.4 | 5.0 ± 5.4a | 20.3 ± 23.6a |
| Si (insulin sensitivity) | NA | 0.9 ± 1.5 | 0.2 ± 0.2 |
| Sg (glucose effectiveness) | NA | 0.016 ± 0.003 | 0.040 ± 0.006 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/liter) | NA | 4.6 ± 1.0 | 4.6 ± 0.6 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/liter) | NA | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.2 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/liter) | NA | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 2.0 ± 1.0 |
| ALT (U/liter) | NA | 19 ± 7 | 32 ± 20 |
| AST (U/liter) | NA | 20 ± 4 | 29 ± 17 |
| Liver fat content (%) | 2.4 ± 3.1 | 9.8 ± 17.6 | 14.3 ± 9.3a |
| NASH score (no. of subjects) | |||
| 0 | 4 | 2 | 5 |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Mean ± sd. To convert to mg/dl, divide glucose by 0.0555, cholesterol by 0.0259, and triglycerides by 0.0113. To convert insulin to mU/liter, divide by 6.945. ALT, Alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; NA, not assessed.
a
P < 0.05.
b
P < 0.01.
c
P < 0.001 vs. lean controls.
d
P < 0.01 vs. obese subjects with diabetes.