Table 1.
Early Life and Socioeconomic Details of the Children in This Study
| Children without fractures (n = 2499) [N (%)] |
Children with fractures (n = 193) [N (%)] |
p value for difference between children with and without fractures |
Crude OR for fracture risk OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted OR for fracture risk OR (95% CI), p value* |
Adjusted OR for fracture risk† |
Adjusted OR for fracture risk‡ |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 1171 (91.8) | 105 (8.2) | 0.043 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Female | 1328 (93.8) | 88 (6.2) | 0.74 (0.55, 0.99) | 0.80 (0.59, 1.10) | 0.80 (0.58, 1.09) | 0.75 (0.55, 1.03) | |
| Birth weight | |||||||
| Normal | 2397 (92.7) | 190 (7.3) | 0.081 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Low | 102 (97.1) | 3 (2.9) | 0.37 (0.12, 1.18) | 0.54 (0.15, 1.89) | 0.57 (0.16, 1.99) | 0.53 (0.15, 1.86) | |
| Gestational age | |||||||
| <37 wk | 124 (97.6) | 3 (2.4) | 0.031 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 37 wk or more | 2375 (92.6) | 190 (7.4) | 3.31 (1.04, 10.49) | 2.64 (0.76, 9.14) | 2.72 (0.78, 9.45) | 2.66 (0.77, 9.24) | |
| Ethnicity | |||||||
| White | 2418 (92.7) | 191 (7.3) | 0.088 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Nonwhite | 81 (97.6) | 2 (2.4) | 0.31 (0.08, 1.28) | 0.30 (0.07, 1.27) | 0.30 (0.07, 1.26) | 0.32 (0.08, 1.36) | |
| Maternal education | |||||||
| Level 1 | 228 (89.8) | 26 (10.2) | 0.194 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Level 2 | 170 (90.9) | 17 (9.1) | 0.88 (0.46, 1.67) | 0.86 (0.45, 1.68) | 0.86 (0.44, 1.68) | 0.84 (0.43, 1.63) | |
| Level 3 | 903 (93.2) | 66 (6.8) | 0.64 (0.40, 1.03) | 0.64 (0.39, 1.05) | 0.64 (0.39, 1.04) | 0.64 (0.39, 1.05) | |
| Level 4 | 720 (93.9) | 47 (6.1) | 0.57 (0.35, 0.95) | 0.58 (0.34, 0.98) | 0.57 (0.34, 0.97) | 0.57 (0.34, 0.97) | |
| Level 5 | 478 (92.8) | 37 (7.2) | 0.68 (0.40, 1.15) OR test for trend: 0.86 (0.79, 1.01) |
0.70 (0.40, 1.23) OR test for trend: 0.88 (0.78, 1.01) |
0.70 (0.40, 1.23) OR test for trend: 0.88 (0.77, 1.01) |
0.70 (0.40, 1.23) OR test for trend: 0.88 (0.77, 1.01) |
|
| Family size | |||||||
| 1–3 people | 388 (92.8) | 30 (7.2) | 0.394 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 4 people | 1505 (93.3) | 108 (6.7) | 0.93 (0.61, 1.41) | 0.85 (0.55, 1.31) | 0.82 (0.53, 1.27) | 0.86 (0.55, 1.32) | |
| >4 people | 606 (91.7) | 55 (8.3) | 1.17 (0.74, 1.87) OR test for trend: 1.11 (0.88, 1.41) |
1.01 (0.63, 1.63) OR test for trend: 1.04 (0.82, 1.33) |
0.98 (0.61, 1.58) OR test for trend: 1.03 (0.81, 1.31) |
1.04 (0.64, 1.67) OR test for trend: 1.06 (0.83, 1.35) |
Number and percentage for children with and without fractures are given, along with crude and adjusted ORs for fracture risk. Statistically significant relationships are shown in bold.