Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics and Drug Use by Study Subjects
| Cocaine subjects (N=20) | Control subjects (N=20) | |
|---|---|---|
| Gender (male/female) | 19/1 | 17/3 |
| Ethnicity (African-American/Caucasian/Other) | 11/4/5 | 9/10/1 |
| History of cigarette smoking (current or past/never)† | 18/2 | 4/16 |
| Daily frequency of smoking (for current users; N=16) | 5.6 ± 5.3 | 10.0 ± 0.0 |
| Hours since last cigarette (for current users; N=16) | 11.6 ± 15.1 | 3.0 ± 0.0 |
| Education (years) | 12.6 ± 1.4 | 13.6 ± 1.9 |
| Age (years) | 45.1 ± 9.3 | 42.4 ± 5.3 |
| Socio-economic status (51) | 29.3 ± 11.1 | 31.7 ± 10.7 |
| Non-verbal intellectual functioning: Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence: Matrix Reasoning scaled score (52) | 10.3 ± 5.1 | 11.3 ± 2.5 |
| Self-reported state depression (53)‡ | 7.9 ± 6.9 | 1.7 ± 2.9 |
| Age at onset of cocaine use (years) | 27.7 ± 5.8 | -- |
| Duration of use (years) | 15.5 ± 7.5 | -- |
| Frequency of use (days/week): last 30 days | 3.0 ± 2.9 | -- |
| Current use in $ per use (min – max, median): last 30 days | 0–60, 25 | -- |
| Duration of current abstinence (days) (min – max, median) | 0–1825, 5 | -- |
| Total score on the Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment Scale (measure of withdrawal symptoms) (range: 0–126) (54) | 15.4 ± 7.7 | -- |
| Severity of Dependence Scale (range: 0–15) (55) | 6.3 ± 4.2 | -- |
| Cocaine Craving Questionnaire (range: 0–45) (56) | 14.5 ± 2.7 | -- |
Note: Numbers are M ± SD. Subjects were matched on sex, age, intellectual functioning, education, and socioeconomic status;
†
χ2=19.8, p<0.001;
‡
Mann-Whitney U: Z=−3.4, p<0.01.