Table 1.
Patient Characteristics, by Type of Prescription Drug Coverage
| Patient Characteristic | Full Sample (Unweighted N=1 181) | Prescription Drug Coverage (Weighted %) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None n= 275 (23%) | Medicaid n= 193 (16%) | Employer n= 503 (43%) | Medigap n= 107 (9%) | VA & Other Public n=103 (9%) | p* | ||
| Age (y) | |||||||
| 65-74 | 501 | 23.8 | 16.5 | 43.9 | 7.6 | 8.2 | 0.34 |
| 75-84 | 508 | 21.7 | 15.1 | 44.2 | 8.70 | 10.4 | |
| ≥ 85 | 172 | 24.4 | 17.6 | 36.2 | 13.9 | 7.9 | |
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 502 | 21.5 | 8.1 | 54.0 | 7.3 | 9.1 | <0.001 |
| Female | 679 | 24.0 | 21.5 | 35.7 | 9.7 | 9.0 | |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||
| White | 954 | 24.2 | 9.3 | 48.1 | 9.7 | 8.7 | <0.001 |
| Black | 163 | 20.4 | 34.8 | 26.8 | 6.4 | 11.6 | |
| Hispanic | 35 | 10.7 | 65.7 | 14.3 | 0.0 | 9.3 | |
| Other† | 29 | 12.3 | 65.1 | 15.3 | 2.7 | 4.6 | |
| Income | |||||||
| <$10,000 | 284 | 18.4 | 56.3 | 12.2 | 5.0 | 8.2 | <0.001 |
| $10,001-$20,000 | 389 | 31.4 | 8.4 | 36.5 | 5.1 | 15.7 | |
| $20,001-$40,000 | 356 | 19.5 | 0.9 | 63.2 | 11.6 | 4.9 | |
| >$40,000 | 152 | 18.8 | 0.0 | 66.7 | 10.3 | 4.2 | |
| Education‡ | |||||||
| No High School | 227 | 27.0 | 38.2 | 17.6 | 6.6 | 10.7 | <0.001 |
| High School | 243 | 22.3 | 22.6 | 34.1 | 8.5 | 12.5 | |
| Above High School | 705 | 22.1 | 7.3 | 53.7 | 9.4 | 7.4 | |
| Metropolitan Residence | |||||||
| Rural | 363 | 30.7 | 12.7 | 40.8 | 7.9 | 7.8 | <0.01 |
| Metro | 818 | 20.2 | 17.2 | 44.1 | 9.1 | 9.5 | |
| Comorbid Conditions | |||||||
| MI or CAD | 301 | 22.7 | 16.3 | 44.2 | 7.1 | 9.6 | 0.83 |
| CHF | 56 | 31.7 | 11.8 | 37.6 | 7.7 | 11.1 | 0.54 |
| PVD | 24 | 17.2 | 18.5 | 34.1 | 11.8 | 18.3 | 0.54 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 258 | 17.7 | 24.6 | 40.2 | 9.2 | 8.4 | 0.001 |
| COPD | 33 | 26.5 | 12.0 | 31.6 | 14.8 | 15.1 | 0.39 |
| Dementia | 55 | 23.0 | 20.1 | 37.3 | 7.7 | 11.9 | 0.82 |
| Any Cancer | 185 | 20.9 | 11.3 | 47.1 | 9.9 | 10.8 | 0.33 |
| Hypertension | 1154 | 22.5 | 16.2 | 43.4 | 8.8 | 9.1 | 0.15 |
| Renal disease§ | 61 | 13.2 | 26.3 | 45.3 | 5.5 | 9.7 | 0.11 |
| Smoking | |||||||
| None | 1068 | 22.2 | 15.9 | 43.9 | 8.8 | 9.2 | 0.51 |
| Current | 113 | 29.8 | 17.1 | 37.2 | 7.9 | 8.0 | |
| Specialist Care | |||||||
| Cardiologist visit | 630 | 22.0 | 16.4 | 44.1 | 8.1 | 9.4 | 0.87 |
| Endocrinologist visit | 90 | 13.4 | 15.8 | 51.0 | 7.5 | 12.3 | 0.28 |
Abbreviations: MI, myocardial infarction; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
For all tables, numbers of beneficiaries (N = 1 181) represent the actual sample sizes in the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) who meet inclusion criteria; however, all analyses received provided MCBS sampling weights and the Taylor series linearization technique to obtain estimates and standard error.
Statistical significance by Pearson χ2 statistic.
Other includes other, American Indian/Alaskan Native, and Asian.
Missing values for 6 respondents.
Defined as physician or inpatient claim for diabetic nephropathy, proteinuria, or glomerulonephritis.