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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ethics Behav. 2009 Jul 1;19(4):263–289. doi: 10.1080/10508420903035257

Table 7. Adjusted Means for Field and Level of Experience on Metacognitive Reasoning Strategies.

First Year Upper Level
Mean Std Error Mean Std Error Mean
Recognition of Circumstances
 Social 3.73 .05 3.72 .10 3.73
 Biological 3.51 .05 3.51 .06 3.51
 Health 3.51 .05 3.28 .13 3.40
  Mean 3.58 3.50
Seeking Help
 Social 0.91 .02 0.96 .04 0.94
 Biological 0.90 .02 0.86 .03 0.88
 Health 0.60 .02 0.59 .05 0.60
  Mean 0.80 0.80
Question One's Judgment
 Social 2.85 .05 2.92 .09 2.89
 Biological 3.20 .05 3.21 .05 3.21
 Health 2.61 .05 2.49 .12 2.55
  Mean 2.89 2.87
Deal with One's Emotions
 Social 2.87 .05 2.85 .09 2.86
 Biological 3.24 .05 3.27 .06 3.26
 Health 2.80 .05 2.61 .13 2.71
  Mean 2.97 2.91
Anticipating Consequences
 Social 3.64 .05 3.65 .10 3.65
 Biological 3.38 .05 3.41 .06 3.40
 Health 3.48 .05 3.23 .13 3.36
  Mean 3.50 3.43
Analysis of Personal Motivations
 Social 2.80 .05 2.85 .09 2.83
 Biological 3.03 .05 3.04 .05 3.04
 Health 2.48 .05 2.34 .12 2.41
  Mean 2.77 2.74
Consideration of Effects of One's Actions
 Social 3.48 .05 3.47 .09 3.48
 Biological 3.13 .05 3.15 .06 3.14
 Health 2.96 .05 2.78 .12 2.87
  Mean 3.19 3.13