TABLE 1. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics in Subjects With and Without Visual Hallucinationsa.
| VH-Negative (n = 121) | VH-Positive (n = 27) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical Characteristics | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | p | Approx df |
| Continuous | ||||
| Age at onset | 76.9 (7.2) | 74.2 (6.4) | 0.06 | 42.0 |
| Age at intake | 79.8 (7.1) | 76.8 (6.5) | 0.04 | 41.1 |
| Age at death | 84.4 (6.7) | 82.1 (5.5) | 0.07 | 45.0 |
| MMSE score at baseline | 20.7 (4.7) | 20.3 (5.4) | 0.72 | 35.3 |
| MMSE score at final visitb | 13.5 (7.6) | 11.3 (7.5) | 0.18 | 39.4 |
| Average change in MMSE per yearc | -3.9 (3.4) | -3.6 (2.2) | 0.58 | 59.0 |
| ADL score at final visit | 10.9 (4.6) | 12.2 (3.8) | 0.13 | 44.7 |
| Categorical | n (%) | n (%) | p | |
| Female | 67 (55.4) | 14 (51.9) | 0.83 | |
| Final DSM-III-R diagnosis of AD | 83 (68.6) | 21 (77.8) | 0.49 | |
a
t-tests for continuous variables assuming unequal variances and using Satterthwaite’s approximate degrees of freedom.
b
MMSE data available for n = 116 VH-negative, n = 27 VH-positive.
c
MMSE change data available for n = 103 VH-negative, n = 26 VH-positive.
Notes: VH: visual hallucination; d.f.: degrees of freedom; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; ADL: activities of daily living; DSM-III-R: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised; AD: Alzheimer’s disease.