Table 3.

Association Between Humeral Geometry, Biomechanical Properties, and Estimated Volumetric Density at 9.9 Years of Age and Fracture Risk Over the Following 2 Years

Variable	OR for risk of fracture (minimally adjusted) [OR (95% CI) p value]	OR for risk of fracture (size-adjusted) [OR (95% CI) p value]
Measures of humeral geometry
Humeral area	0.95 (0.85, 1.07) 0.427	1.04 (0.86, 1.25) 0.701
Humeral length	0.99 (0.89, 1.12) 0.935	1.19 (0.98, 1.44) 0.083
Humeral width	0.93 (0.83, 1.05) 0.237	0.96 (0.83, 1.11) 0.568
Humeral CSA	0.94 (0.83, 1.05) 0.265	0.96 (0.84, 1.11) 0.625
Humeral AR	1.08 (0.96, 1.21) 0.212	1.08 (0.96, 1.22) 0.190
Measures of humeral biomechanical properties
Humeral CSMI	0.98 (0.88, 1.11) 0.787	1.05 (0.90, 1.22) 0.541
Relative bone strength	0.93 (0.83, 1.04) 0.215	0.91 (0.81, 1.03) 0.133
Measures of humeral vBMD
aBMD	1.22 (1.08, 1.37) 0.001	1.40 (1.21, 1.62) <0.001
vBMD	1.29 (1.14, 1.45) <0.001	1.28 (1.14, 1.45) <0.001

Associations between indices of humeral geometry, humeral biomechanical properties, and humeral vBMD, as measured in a subset of 1317 children at 9.9 years of age, and the risk of fracture in children over the following 2 years. Table shows ORs for fracture per SD decrease, as calculated by logistic regression. In minimally adjusted analyses, results are adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, maternal education, and paternal social class. In size-adjusted analyses, results are further adjusted for height and log-transformed weight.