TABLE 4.
THE EFFECT OF PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO MATERNAL SMOKING ON METHYLATION OF CpG IN PROMOTERS FOR EIGHT GENES BY REPLICATION GROUP AND POOLED, USING PYROSEQUENCING
| Group 1‡ (n = 182)
|
Group 2‡ (n = 90)
|
Pooled (n = 272)
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene* | β† | P Value | β† | P Value | β† | P Value |
| AXL | 0.51 | 0.001 | 0.45 | 0.09 | 0.37 | 0.005 |
| PTPRO | 0.38 | 0.03 | 0.35 | 0.23 | 0.34 | 0.02 |
| KLK11 | 0.48 | 0.004 | −0.12 | 0.67 | 0.29 | 0.04 |
| TGFB3 | 0.32 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.80 | 0.22 | 0.09 |
| MET | 0.26 | 0.09 | −0.02 | 0.93 | 0.16 | 0.21 |
| SPDEF | 0.24 | 0.12 | −0.07 | 0.79 | 0.12 | 0.37 |
| SNCG | −0.003 | 0.98 | −0.19 | 0.49 | −0.04 | 0.76 |
| NBL1 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
*
CpG loci interrogated by Illumina were located at the following positions relative to the transcription start site: AXL(−223), PTPRO(−371), KLK11(−103), TGFB3(+58), MET(+333), SPDEF(−6), SNCG(+119), and NBL1(−24).
†
Z score–transformed estimate is interpreted as a change in SD units. All models were adjusted for gender, race, and Hispanic ethnicity.
‡
Groups 1 and 2 represent unique sets of individuals, all of whom were initially screened using the Illumina platform.