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PMA-mediated claudin-4 induction requires the JNK pathway. A: inhibition of the JNK MAPK pathway with each of 3 inhibitors (SP-600125, AS601245, and JIP-TAT peptide) blocked the PMA-induced increase in claudin-4 expression in human DLECs in a dose-dependent fashion (*P < 0.05; n = minimum of 3 replicates of 6 wells each, means ± SE). CP, control peptide TAT. Inhibitors of ERK1/2 or p38 had no effect on PMA-mediated claudin-4 mRNA expression.
