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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Sep 14.
Published in final edited form as: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007 Mar 29;1105:202–218. doi: 10.1196/annals.1409.006

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Structure of lipid A, core, and O-antigen molecules synthesized by Fran-cisella tularensis subspecies tularensis, holartica, and novicida. The lipid A structure consists of a β-(1,6)-linked glucosamine disaccharide with amide-linked fatty acids at the 2- and 2′-positions, and ester-linked fatty acids at the 3-position. Lipid A carbohydrate modifications include the addition of galactosamine through the 1-position phosphate, man-nose at the 4′-position and glucose at the 6′position. Lipid A molecules that have glucose in their structure would not be modified by the addition of Kdo-core-O-antigen. Unless noted on the structure, modifications are present in all Francisella subspecies. Linkages of individual carbohydrate residues are shown. Core: Kdo = 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid; Man = mannose; Glc = Glucose; GalNAc = N-acetyl galactosamine. O-antigen = QuiN4Fm = 4,6-dideoxy-4-formamido-D-glucose; GalNAcAN = 2-acetamino-2-deoxy-D-galacturonamide; QuiNAc = 2-acetamino-2,6,dideoxy-D-glucose; Qui2NAc4NAc = 2,4,-diacetamino-2,4,6-trideoxy-D-glucose.