Table 3.
Estimated meana (and 95% CIb) intake of added sugar (tsp/day) by race/ethnicity, family income, and education, by gender: NHIS 2005
| Demographic Characteristic |
Male | Female | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean (95%CI) |
n | Mean (95%CI) |
|
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 8406 | 18.8 (18.6–19.1) |
10548 | 12.6 (12.4–12.7) |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 1500 | 19.4 (18.7–20.1) |
2400 | 13.9 (13.5–14.2) |
| Hispanic | 2213 | 18.0 (17.5–18.5) |
2757 | 12.5 (12.1–12.8) |
| Asian, non-Hispanic | 418 | 15.2 (14.3–16.2) |
450 | 10.7 (10.1–11.3) |
| American Indian/Alaskan Native |
110 | 18.8 (16.9–20. 9) |
146 | 13.9 (12.6–15.3) |
|
p-value for general heterogeneity |
0.0000 | 0.0000 | ||
| Education | ||||
| < High school | 2328 | 20.8 (20.1–21.6) |
3067 | 13.9 (13.5–14.3) |
| High school | 3574 | 19.9 (19.5–20.3) |
4660 | 13.3 (13.0–13.5) |
| Some college | 3404 | 18.2 (17.8–18.6) |
4740 | 12.7 (12.5–12.9) |
| ≥ College degree | 3341 | 16.5 (16.2–16.8) |
3834 | 11.2 (11.0–11.5) |
|
p-value for general heterogeneity |
0.0000 | 0.0000 | ||
| p-value for test for trend | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | ||
| Family income as percentage of poverty | ||||
| < 200% | 3884 | 19.2 (18.8–19.6) |
6477 | 13.3 (13.0–13.5) |
| 200–399% | 3953 | 18.8 (18.5–19.2) |
4896 | 12.8 (12.6–13.0) |
| ≥ 400% | 4810 | 18.1 (17.8–18.4) |
4927 | 12.0 (11.8–12.2) |
|
p-value for general heterogeneity |
0.0001 | 0.0000 | ||
| p-value for test for trend | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | ||
| Race/ethnicity by Education | ||||
| White, non-Hispanic | ||||
| < High school | 916 | 21.3 (20.3–22.3) |
1193 | 13.9 (13.4–14.4) |
| High school | 2419 | 20.2 (19.8–20.7) |
3128 | 13.2 (13.0–13.5) |
| Some college | 2413 | 18.2 (17.8–18.6) |
3264 | 12.4 (12.2–12.7) |
| ≥ College degree | 2658 | 16.6 (16.3–17.0) |
2963 | 11.3 (11.1–11.5) |
|
p-value for general heterogeneity |
0.0000 | 0.0000 | ||
| p-value for test for trend | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | ||
| Black, non-Hispanic | ||||
| < High school | 350 | 21.5 (20.2–22.8) |
529 | 15.1 (14.3–15.9) |
| High school | 509 | 20.5 (19.4–21.6) |
723 | 14.6 (14.0–15.3) |
| Some college | 413 | 18.7 (17.4–20.1) |
766 | 14.2 (13.6–14.7) |
| ≥ College degree | 228 | 17.8 (16.6–19.0) |
382 | 12.0 (11.1–12.8) |
|
p-value for general heterogeneity |
0.0001 | 0.0000 | ||
| p-value for test for trend | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | ||
| Hispanic | ||||
| < High school | 995 | 19.5 (18.8–20.3) |
1242 | 12.9 (12.4–13.4) |
| High school | 545 | 18.9 (18.0–19.9) |
682 | 13.2 (12.7–13.8) |
| Some college | 449 | 18.5 (17.5–19.4) |
569 | 13.0 (12.4–13.6) |
| ≥ College degree | 224 | 15.7 (14.5–17.0) |
264 | 10.8 (10.0–11.6) |
|
p-value for general heterogeneity |
0.0000 | 0.0001 | ||
| p-value for test for trend | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | ||
| Asian, non-Hispanic | ||||
| < High school | 32 | 15.5 (13.0–18.2) |
65 | 12.1 (10.0–14.5) |
| High school | 68 | 14.7 (12.7–16.9) |
77 | 9.3 (8.3–10.4) |
| Some college | 99 | 16.7 (15.0–18.6) |
103 | 12.0 (10.7–13.4) |
| ≥ College degree | 219 | 14.3 (13.3–15.3) |
205 | 10.0 (9.4–10.7) |
|
p-value for general heterogeneity |
0.1493 | 0.0048 | ||
| p-value for test for trend | 0.7278 | 0.3383 | ||
| American Indian/Alaskan Native | ||||
| < High school | 35 | 23.3 (18.3–29.2) |
38 | 14.7 (11.5–18.4) |
| High school | 33 | 20.9 (18.1–23.9) |
50 | 16.7 (13.8–19.9) |
| Some college | 30 | 19.2 (15.2–23.7) |
38 | 13.8 (12.0–15.7) |
| ≥ College degree | 12 | 14.2 (10.2–19.1) |
20 | 10.9 (9.3–12.8) |
|
p-value for general heterogeneity |
0.0614 | 0.0015 | ||
| p-value for test for trend | 0.0082 | 0.0146 | ||
| p-value for interaction | 0.0395 | 0.0005 | ||
a
Least square means in model of age, race/ethnicity, education, family income as percentage of poverty level, and race/ethnicity*education. Analyses were conducted on the transformed scale and back-transformed for presentation.
b
CI=confidence interval